 |
|
|
|
|
|
HerbMed® - an interactive, electronic herbal
database – which provides hyperlinked access
to the scientific data underlying the use of herbs
for health. It is an evidence-based information
resource for professionals, researchers, and general
public.
|
|
Common Name :
Wuweizi, Wurenchun
Latin Name :
Schisandra chinensis
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
|
|
|
|
| EVIDENCE FOR EFFICACY (HUMAN DATA) |
|
Clinical Trials |
| 
|
Schizandra chinensis and Bryonia alba extracts increased the concentration of NO and cortisol in blood and saliva similar to athletes with heavy physical exercise but does not increase NO and cortisol in athletes Panossian 1999 |
|
|
SGOT and SGPT were decreased by Schisandrin C in a week, orally 7.5 mg/d X3, in a study of 56 patients with acute and chronic liver diseases (16 acute hepatitis, 20 chronic hepatitis, 14 cirrhosis and 6 fatty liver) Akbar 1998 |
|
|
NaO Li Su, a traditional Chinese medicine for memory (bee pollen, radix polygoni multiflore, semen ziziphi spinosae, radix salviae multiorhizae, fructus schisandrae and fructus ligustris lucidae) gave no benefit in 100 old people Iversen 1997 |
|
|
15 mg to healthy men resulted in maximum plasma concentration of schizandrin of 96 ng/ml. The GC/MS measurement is effective for the range of 2.0-500 ng/ml Ono 1995 |
|
|
Clinical effect of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate administration on chronic hepatitis [Article in Japanese]
Yoshida 1989 |
|
|
Chinese Herbs: A Clinical Review of Astragalus, Ligusticum, and Schizandrae at Alternative Medicine Review |
|
|
Observational Studies/Case Reports |
|
|
Review of Schizandrae, a tonic and sedative Chinese medicine, finds evidence of lowering of SGPT in hepatitis patients, increases in liver protein and glycogen and induction of P-450 Li 1991 |
|
|
Bioavailability of the suspension and the tablet of DDB given orally is only 20-30%, and is improved by PEG 6000 [Article in Chinese]
Gu 1990 |
|
|
Therapeutic effects of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on chronic viral hepatitis B.
Liu 1987 |
|
|
Biphenyl-dimethyl dicarboxylate in treating and preventing hepatitis due to drug poisoning.
Yu 1987 |
|
|
The therapeutic effect of biphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate (DDB) on certain abnormal laboratory parameters in chronic hepatitis.
Zhang 1987 |
|
|
Stimulating effects of eleuterococcus and Chinese schizandra used for prevention of visual fatigue during work connected with color discrimination [Article in Russian]
Sosnova 1984 |
|
|
Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in viral hepatitis patients was lowered by schisantherin A, B, C and D. Deoxyschisandrin and schisantherins A, B, C, D and E were isolated from the active fraction of Schisandra sphenanthera fruit Liu 1978 |
|
|
Phytotherapy of patients with allergic dermatoses--Golysheva-MA; Iroshnikova-ES; Ado-VA; Vestn-Dermatol Venerol. 67/12 (24-30) 1991
|
|
|
Traditional and Folk Use |
|
|
Review of traditional Chinese medicine: Astragalus, immunopotentiating and used for cancer; Ligusticum, immune enhancing and anti-inflammatory; and Schizandra, hepato-protective and antioxidant Sinclair 1998 |
|
|
Meridians affected by Schisandrae, Stephaniae and Houttuyniae evidenced by cAMP and cGMP in cat tissues [Article in Chinese]
Wang 1994 |
|
|
Herbal studies on the plants of Schisandraceae [Article in Chinese]
Song 1988 |
|
|
Adverse Effects & Toxicity |
|
|
40 week diet with 0.03% or 0.01% gomisin A did not cause any proliferative and neoplastic lesions in rats Miyamoto 1991 |
|
|
Diet-induced changes in monooxygenase activities (by ethanol extracts of Brussels sprouts, Schizandra or Illicium) were the best indicators of changes in microsome-mediated benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin mutagenesis Hendrich 1986 |
|
|
Adverse events reports at the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition [FDA] |
|
|
Contraindications |
|
|
Two cases of interaction between cyclosporine and Dephenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate in kidney transplants patients with chronic hepatitis where cyclosporine decreased to a subtherapeutic level Kim 1997 |
|
|
Schizandrin B and schisanhenol at 200 mg/kg for 3 days increased liver glutathione-S-transferase and microsomal P-450 in mice and rats and decreased serum estradiol level in mice [Article in Chinese]
Lu 1990 |
|
|
Contemporary Standardized Methods |
|
|
Attempts to solubilize biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate, a synthetic analogue of schizandrin C Han 1999 |
|
|
Supercritical CO2 could only extract 37% of schisandrin derivatives from the leaves vs. 80% from stems and fruit. Extraction from leaves was increased 4 fold by adding 10% ethanol Kim 1999 |
|
|
Low pH due to organic acids of Schisandrae fructus in a Kampo decoction caused inhibition for glycyrrhizin dissolution of Sho-seiryu-to Okamura 1999 |
|
|
Preliminary studies on the processing of Schisandra chinensis [Article in Chinese]
Rao 1986 |
|
|
Standardization of schizandra preparations [Article in Russian]
Suprunov 1975 |
|
|
Weights of seeds peaked in early August and fruitlets in early September. Lignans peaked late July and decreased gradually--Yong-Yu-Z; Nakajima-K; Miki-E; Ikeya-Y; Hayashi-K; Okada-M; Maruno-M; Yun--Zhen-G; Mitsuhashi-H; Jpn-J-Pharmacognosy 47/2 (165-172) 1993 |
|
|
Folk Methods |
|
|
CCl-4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats is reduced by Sheng Mai San (traditional Chinese medicine of Panax, Schisandra and Ophiopogon for ischaemic heart disease)--Ko-KM; Yick-PK; Poon-MKT; Che-CT; Ng-KH; Kong-YC;. Phytotherapy-Research. 9/3 (203-206) 1995
|
|
|
Folk Blends |
|
|
Sho-seiryu-to (TJ-19) a Kampo medicine (Pinelliae, Glycyrrhizae, Cinnamomi, Schisandrae, Asiasari, Paeoniae, Ephedrae, Zingiberis) for 13-weeks at 2 g/kg/d was non toxic to rats--Yoshinaga-K; Maemura-S; Atkinson-C; Mulhern-M; Japanese-Pharmacology-and-Therapeutics. 23/suppl. 7 (91-106) 1995
|
|
|
Ninjin-yoei-to (Ginseng, Angelicae, Paeoniae, Rehmanniae. Atractylodis, Hoelen, Cinnamomi. Astragali, Aurantii, Polygalae, Schisandrae and Glycyrrhizae) is non toxic at 2g/kg/d in rats--Shimonishi-I; Hirakawa-K; Idogawa-H; et al Pharmacometrics. 51/1 (7-16) 1996.
|
|
|
Pharmacodynamics |
|
|
Platelet activating factor antagonism by 6(7)-dehydroschisandrol A (IC50=2.1x10(-6) M). Activity is related to lignans without a C-6 ester, a hydroxyl group at C-7 or a methylene dioxy moiety and with an R-biphenyl configuration Lee 1999 |
|
|
Radical scavenging by 70 tonic herbs: of superoxide (*O2-) by Uncaria rhynchophylla, Areca, Dendrobium, Juglans, Paeonia, Psychotria, Rhodiola and Juglans and hydroxyl (HO*) by Juglans, Morus and Schisandra Ohsugi 1999 |
|
|
Ischemia-reperfusion myocardial damage was reduced by pretreatment with Schisandrin B (0.6/1.2 mmol/kg/day x 3) dose-dependently and associated with inhibition of Se-glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase Yim 1999 |
|
|
Hepatoprotection by schisandrins A, B and C was associated with increases in liver mitochondrial reduced glutathione Ip 1998 |
|
|
Antioxidant activity of plants: Hypericum > Eleutherococcus > Rhodiola > Leonurus > Aralia > Valeriana > Echinopanax > Schizandra > Panax [Article in Russian]
ginseng Bol'shakova 1997 |
|
|
CNS medicinal plants at 280-436 nm were photoprotectors in low concentration and photosensitizers in high concentration: Leonurus > Hypericum > Aralia > Schizandra > Echinopanax > Eleutherococcus > Valeriana > Panax ginseng [Article in Russian]
Bol'shakova 1997 |
|
|
HIV infected H9 cells inhibition EC50 (microgram/mL) by Gomisin-G 0.006, Schisantherin-D (0.5), kadsuranin (0.8), and schisandrin-C (1.2) and other related synthetic biphenyl compounds Chen 1997 |
|
|
Interiotherin A and schisantherin D, from Kadsura, inhibit HIV replication with EC50 of 3.1 and 0.5 micrograms/mL Chen 1996 |
|
|
Growth and clonogenicity and topoisomerase II of hepatocarcinoma cells were inhibited by DDB. Also, cAMP and calmodulin increased [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1996 |
|
|
3'-methyl-4-dimethylamino-azobenzene-induced increase of serum bile acids was inhibited by by gomisin A (30 mg/kg), a lignan from Schizandra fruits Ohtaki 1996 |
|
|
Fe2+/ascorbic acid and ADP/NADPH-induced membrane lipid peroxidation is inhibited by Gomisin J with IC50=5.5 and 4.7 microM Peng 1996 |
|
|
HIV-1 infected MT-4 human T cells are inhibited by gomisin J, EC50=0.1-0.5 microM with high therapeutic index. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is inhibited by a bromine derivative and a resistant form with Tyr188->Leu mutation was found Fujihashi 1995 |
|
|
Increases in hepatic GSH and glucose-6-phosphate and glutathione reductase and a decreased susceptibility peroxide-induced GSH depletion by lignan-enriched extract of Schisandra chinensis fruits at 0.2-3.2 g/kg for 3 days Ko 1995 |
|
|
Neutrophil ruffles and pseudopods induced by chemotactic peptide, FMLP, disappeared with Schisanhenol 100 microM Zhang 1995 |
|
|
Decreases by gomisin C in FMLP-induced free Ca2+ and PMA-activated neutrophil NADPH oxidase and lack of effect on cAMP help ellucidate the antioxidant mechanism Wang 1994 |
|
|
Schizandrin is metabolized by liver microsomes to 7,8-dihydroxy-schizandrin, 7,8-dihydroxy-2-demethyl-schizandrin, and 7,8-dihydroxy-3-demethyl-schizandrin Cui 1993 |
|
|
Halothane induced chlorodifluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoroethane in liver microsomes was inhibited by Gomisi (dried ripe fruit of schizandra chinensis) dose-dependently Jiaxiang 1993 |
|
|
Ranges studies on Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and S. sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils [Article in Chinese]
Sun 1993 |
|
|
Anti-oxidant activity of 7 of 9 dibenzocyclooctene lignans from Schisandra chinensis, S. rubriflora, and Kadsura longipedunculata were greater than vitamin E in iron and xanthine systems. Schisanhenol was the most active one Lu 1992 |
|
|
Fe(2+)-cysteine peroxidative damages to brain mitochondria was blocked by Schisanhenol (10(-4) M) and inhibited by Schizandrin B Xue 1992 |
|
|
Hepatocyte membrane damage by radicals is reduced by schisandrin B at 3-25 micrograms/ml Zhang 1992 |
|
|
Lipid peroxidation and malonaldehyde induced by PMA-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes were reduced by schizandrin B and quercetin Li 1991 |
|
|
Antioxidation mechanism of schizandrin and tanshinonatic acid A and their effects on the protection of cardiotoxic action of adriamycin [Article in Chinese]
Lin 1991 |
|
|
Adriamycin induced rat heart mitochondrial toxicity was reduced by schisanhenol Lin 1991 |
|
|
7 of the 9 dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctene lignans (1 mM) from Schizandra inhibit microsome lipid peroxidation, especially schisanhenol (Sal), S(-)schizandrin C (S(-)sin C) and S(-)schizandrin B (S(-)sin B) Lu 1991 |
|
|
Schizandrol A (2',3',4',1",2",3"-hexamethoxy-6, 7-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-dibenzo-1,3-cyclooctadien-6-ol) at 50 mg/kg increased brain dopamine but no affinity for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors [Article in Chinese]
Zhang 1991 |
|
|
Radical scavenging of schizandrin B (Sin B) on the active oxygen radicals is stronger than that of S(-) Sin B and R(+) Sin B Li 1990 |
|
|
Radical scavenging by Schisanhenol from Schisandrae rubriflora in several in vitro oxidation systems Lin 1990 |
|
|
The metabolism of an antihepatitic drug, dimethyl 4,4'-dimethoxy-5,6,5',6'-dimethylenedioxybiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate (BDD): a remedy for chronic hepatitis from Schisandra chinensis [Article in Chinese] Tong 1990 |
|
|
Anti-radical scavenging effects of schizandrol A or schizandrin B at 0.5 mM is greater than vitamin E or vitamin C Zhao 1990 |
|
|
Radical scavenging in hepatocytes by schizandrin B [Article in Chinese]
Zhang 1989 |
|
|
Studies on the metabolism of gomisin A (TJN-101). I. Oxidative products of gomisin A formed by rat liver S9 mix.
Ikeya 1988 |
|
|
Biochemical and pharmacologic effects of wuweizi (Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) and its chemical contents on animal livers [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1988 |
|
|
Effects of gomisin J and analogous lignan compounds in schisandra fruits on isolated smooth muscles [Article in Japanese]
Suekawa 1987 |
|
|
Mechanism of antihepatotoxic activity of wuweizisu C and gomisin A.
Kiso 1985 |
|
|
Experimental study on the enhancement of the immunosuppressive effect of cortisone by wurenchun, an extract of Schizandra chinensis Baill [Article in Chinese]
Long 1985 |
|
|
Studies of lignans from Schisandra rubriflora Rhed et Wils [Article in Chinese]
Wang 1985 |
|
|
Antihepatotoxic actions of lignoids from Schizandra chinensis fruits.
Hikino 1984 |
|
|
Pharmacological studies on an oil emulsion of Schisandra chinensis [Article in Chinese]
Li 1984 |
|
|
Competitive binding to rat uterine estrogen receptor by 26 tricyclic triarylethylenes, including dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctenes Acton 1983 |
|
|
Effects of schizandrol on the central nervous system [Article in Chinese]
Niu 1983 |
|
|
Studies on the SGPT-lowering active component of the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora Rhed et Wils[Article in Chinese]
Chen 1982 |
|
|
Pharmacological studies on Schizandra fruit. I. General pharmacological effects of gomisin A and schizandrin (author's transl) [Article in Japanese]
Maeda 1981 |
|
|
Wormicidal effect on Clonorchis sinensis by 206 plants: best were Platycodon, Schizandra, Polygala, Aster. Also effective were Smilax, Pueraria, Polygala, Scutellaria, Prunus, Glycyrrhiza, Angelica, Phytolacca, Cyrtomium Rhee 1981 |
|
|
A comparison of the pharmacologic actions of 7 constituents isolated from Fructus schizandrae.
Bao 1980 |
|
|
The mechanism of the SGPT activity reducing effect of schizandra--preliminary report (author's transl) [Article in Chinese]
anon 1979 |
|
|
Study of the natural oil from the seed of Schisandra [Article in Ukrainian]
Zapotil'ko 1976 |
|
|
Microchemical investigation of medicinal plants. I. The antitubercular principle in Prunus mume and Schizandra chinensis.
Ma 1968 |
|
|
Inhibitory effect of Gomisi on reductive metabolism of halothane--Ni-J; Fujii-K; Sato-N; Yuge-O; Hiroshima J Anesth. 28/suppl. Dec. (57-60) 1992
|
|
|
c-myc doubled after day 6 without affecting c-fos in rats given gomisin A at 100 mg/kg/d for 14 days. Hepatocytes cell size increased on days 3 and 4 of regeneration (when they are known to be in mitotic stage)--Hirotani-Y; Kurokawa-N; et al; Biomedical-Research. 16/1 (43-50) 1995
|
|
|
Heart rate and respiration were reduced in horses when 12 g of S. chinensis fruits was given 30 min prior to exercise--Hancke-J; Burgos-R; Wikman-G; Ewertz-E; Ahumada-F; Fitoterapia 65/2 (113-118) 1994
|
|
|
Besigomsin, Schisandrol B, Gomisin A--Drugs-of-the-Future. 20/5 (524) 1995 & 18/5 (477) 1993 & 17/5 (420-421) 1992
|
|
|
Schiarisanrin C cytotoxic (ED50 in mu g/mL) to KB epidermoid carcinoma of nasopharynx (0.36), COLO-205 colon carcinoma (7.1), HEPA hepatoma (4.9) and HELA cervix tumor cells (5.7)--Kuo-Y-H; Kuo-L-MY; Chen-C-F; Journal-of-Organic-Chemistry. 62/10 (3242-3245) 1997
|
|
|
Inhibitory effects of plant constituents on tumor promoting during carcinogenesis--Yasukawa-K; Takido-M; Akasu-M et al; J-Pharmacobio-Dyn. 15/1 (s-3) 1992
|
|
|
DDB did not prevent lipid peroxidation after 30 minute-incubation with hepatic microsomes in presence of NADPH--Park-H; Jang-YJ; Choi-DS; Lee-YS; Min-YI; Asia-Pacific-Journal-of-Pharmacology. 11/3-4 (83-89) 1996
|
|
|
Exercise-induced muscle damage in rats is reduced by schisandrae, associated with a improved hepatic antioxidant status (GSH and malondialdehyde levels)--Ko-KM; Mak-DHF; Li-PC; Poon-MKT; Ip-SP; Phytotherapy-Research. 10/5 (450-452) 1996
|
|
|
Gomisin A has lowering effects on decreased levels of several gene products in later stages of regeneration, while the level of hst-1/k-FGF-P-IR was not affected by the drug after partial hepatectomy in rats--Hirotani-Y; Kurokawa-N; Takashima-N; et al Biomedical-Research. 16/2 (73-81) 1995 |
|
|
Peroxide toxicity to rat hepatocytes is decreased by pretreatment with schisandrin B (10-100 muM)--Zhu-B; Liu-G-T; Chinese-J-of-Pharmacology-&-Toxicology. 10/4 (260-266) 1996
|
|
|
Animal Studies |
|
|
Liver fibrosis induced by a bile duct ligation and scission in rats was decreased by Polygonum aviculare but not by Artemisia capillaris nor biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate Nan 2000 |
|
|
Cycloheximide induced amnesia in rats was alleviated by Schizandra fruit water extract 0.25 and 0.75 g/kg for a week Hsieh 1999 |
|
|
Ketoconazole immunosuppression (delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells, activities of NK cells, phagocytes and leukocytes) were restored in mice when biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (PMC) at 6 mg/kg for 14 days was added Kim 1999 |
|
|
Ischemia associated TBARS was reduced and glutathione peroxidase raised by pretreatment with Shengmai San (Panax, Ophiopogon and Schisandra) Xuejiang 1999 |
|
|
Ischemia-reperfusion injury was reduced and glutathione increased by schisandrins B or C but not by A nor DDB when rats were pretreated with 1.2 mmol/kg for 3 days. This indicates requirement for the methylenedioxy group and cyclooctadiene ring Yim 1999 |
|
|
CCl4 induced liver damage was reduced by pretreatment with Schisandra lignan fraction 30 min or 6 h beforehand Zhu 1999 |
|
|
Running time increased in animals by the 10th day of Schisandra chinensis tincture, Leuzea and Rhodiola extracts, elton, leveton, phytoton, and adapton [Article in Russian]
Azizov 1998 |
|
|
CCl4 hepatotoxicity is reduced by pretreatment with schisandrin B or C and not by schisandrin A (1 mmol/kg for 3 days) in mice Ip 1997 |
|
|
Insulin and schisandrin B protection against the CCl4 hepatotoxicity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats was associated with glutathione Mak 1997 |
|
|
Nitrosourea, an inhibitor of glutathione reductase, did not abrogate the hepatoprotective action of Sch B in CCl4-treated mice Ip 1996 |
|
|
Aflatoxin beta 1 or cadmium chloride hepatoprotection by Schisandra chinensis pretreatment in rats Ip 1996 |
|
|
Schisandrin B (3 mmol/kg/day x 3, p.o.) increased hepatic GSH whereas BHT decreased it. Both stimulated glutathione reductase. Sch B prevented CCl4-induced decrease in the hepatic alpha-tocopherol Ip 1996 |
|
|
Isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in rats, and ischemia-reperfusion injury in hearts was reduced by pretreatment with Sheng-Mai-San (Ginseng, Schisandrae and Ophiopogonis) at 17 g/kg/day x 3, p.o. Li 1996 |
|
|
Schisandrin B (3 mmol/kg/d x3) protects mice against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity better than tocopherol whereas tocopherol is better in ferric chloride induced oxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids in vitro Mak 1996 |
|
|
S-113m (biota, ginseng and schizandra) improved the memory retention disorder of SAMP8 (senescence accelerated-prone) mice Nishiyama 1996 |
|
|
Hepatocyte growth factor mRNA is higher after Gomisin A treatment of rats and might mediate the liver protection benefit Shiota 1996 |
|
|
Antibody (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgA) production was increased by diphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (PMC)at 3 and 6 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks in mice Kim 1995 |
|
|
Hepatic glutathione regeneration capacity was increased by lignan-enriched extract of Schisandrae moderately in control rats and substantially after CCl4 challenge Ko 1995 |
|
|
Aflatoxin induced hepatic damage was reduced by DDB, 200 mg/kg/d for 4 days in rats Liu 1995 |
|
|
Memory impaired by ethanol or scopolamine was improved by S-113m (Biota, Panax and Schisandra) at 250 and 500 mg/kg Nishiyama 1995 |
|
|
Survival time lengthened in Long Evans Cinnamon rats (spontaneously develop hepatitis) that were given TJN-101. Autoantibodies to liver microsomal proteins increase 3-7 weeks before death Yokoi 1995 |
|
|
3'-MeDAB induced glutathione-S-transferase placental form (GST-P) was inhibited by Gomisin A in rats Nomura 1994 |
|
|
3'-MeDAB-induced glutathione S-transferase placental-form was reduced by gomisin A in rats Nomura 1994 |
|
|
3'-MeDAB-induced glutathione S-transferase placental-form, associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, was reduced by gomisin A in rats Ohtaki 1994 |
|
|
Adaptogenic screening in rats.
Hui 1993 |
|
|
Acetaminophen induced elevation of serum aminotransferase activity and hepatic lipoperoxides, and hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis were prevented by Gomisin A pretreatment 50 mg/kg in rats. Glutathione was unaffected Yamada 1993 |
|
|
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy of rats was stimulated by TJN-101, a lignan component of Schisandra fruits Kubo 1992 |
|
|
Dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB, synthetic analog of schizandrin C) increased liver P-450 2B1 and the rates of testosterone hydroxylation at positions 16 beta, 16 alpha, 6 beta and 2 beta and the rate of ethoxyresorufin dealkylation Li 1992 |
|
|
TPA-inflammation was decreased by gomisin A (ED50=1.4 mumol), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan from Schisandra. DMBA induced tumors were decreased by 5 mumol gomisin in mice Yasukawa 1992 |
|
|
Schisanhenol protects against adriamycin induced heart mitochondrial toxicity without antagonizing the antitumor activity of adriamycin Lin 1991 |
|
|
The half-life of Gomisin A (TJN-101) in rats is about 70 min. More than 80% was bound to serum protein. Biotransformation to Met. B (demethylenated metabolite) was very rapid [Article in Japanese]
Matsuzaki 1991 |
|
|
Elimination of gomisin A is slowed to half in CCl4-poisoned rats [Article in Japanese]
Matsuzaki 1991 |
|
|
Gomisin A (TJN-101) at 10 mg/kg to rats resulted in serum levels of it and its major metabolite (Met. B) of 1446 and 317 ng/ml, respectively, monitored by GC/MS [Article in Japanese]
Matsuzaki 1991 |
|
|
3'-MeDAB induced altered foci in the liver were decreased by 0.03% or 0.01% gomisin A in rats Miyamoto 1991 |
|
|
Survival rate and serum transaminase improved in acute hepatic failure induced by trinitrophenylated hepatocytes in guinea pigs Mizoguchi 1991 |
|
|
Survival of the hepatic cell necrosis of Propionibacterium infection is increased by 4 or more weeks on food containing 0.06% of gomisin A Mizoguchi 1991 |
|
|
Schisandra propinqua lacked effect on body weight, thymus weight, serum leukocytes, and swimming times of young mice [Article in Chinese]
Qiao 1991 |
|
|
Chicanine, a tetrahydrofuran lignan was found in "Wuweizi" (Schisandra incarnata). The plant lowers sGPT levels and prolongs sleeping time induced by phenobarbital [Article in Chinese]
Song 1991 |
|
|
7 metabolites were identified in bile and 8 in urine of rats treated with gomisin A Ikeya 1990 |
|
|
Liver protection from injury induced by toxins, anti-oxidant, induction of P-450 and promotion of serum protein biosynthesis and glycogenesis by fructus schizandrae Liu 1989 |
|
|
Blood sugar was lowered in alloxan diabetes of rodents by Ginseng root and leaf, Echinopanax, Eleutherococcus, Rhodiola and Leuzia, Yarrow, Everlasting and Birch leaf tea. Aralia and Schizan[Article in Russian]
dra were ineffective Molokovskii 1989 |
|
|
Hepatoprotective effect of Gomisin A (TJN-101) in liver injury models in mice Nagai 1989 |
|
|
Evaluation of the anti-ulcer and antisecretory activity of extracts of Aralia elata root and Schizandra chinensis fruit in the rat.
Hernandez 1988 |
|
|
Bile flow and liver blood flow increased (and bile acid concentration decreased) by gomisin A (TJN-101) at 30-100 mg/kg/day for 4 days in rats [Article in Japanese]
Takeda 1988 |
|
|
Effects of schizandrins and diphenyl dimethyl bicarboxylate on enzymes of liver smooth and rough endoplasmic reticula in rats [Article in Chinese]
Li 1987 |
|
|
Protection by fructus Schizandrae against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1987 |
|
|
Propionibacterium/LPS induced mortality is reduced dose-dependently by TJN-101 in mice Ohkura 1987 |
|
|
Dystrophic hamsters given DDB (synthetic analog of Schizandrin C) for 31 days had decreases in calcium deposits (82%) and area of necrosis of cardiac muscle (52%) but unchanged plasma creatine kinase and muscle necrosis Shen 1987 |
|
|
Liver fibrosis proliferation decreased and regeneration increased in rats with CCl4 induced injury given TJN-101 at 10 or 30 mg/kg/day of during weeks 6-12 or 9-1[Article in Japanese]
2 Takeda 1987 |
|
|
Pharmacological studies on antihepatotoxic action of TJN-101, a lignan component of Schisandra fruits. Influences of resolvents on the efficacy of TJN-101 in the experimental acute hepatic injuries [Article in Japanese]
Takeda 1987 |
|
|
The protective effect of gomisin A on experimentally induced acute hepatic injury [Article in Japanese]
Tsutsui 1987 |
|
|
Preliminary study of the effect of wurenchun for prolonging the survival time of cardiac tissue allografts in mice [Article in Chinese]
Zhuang 1987 |
|
|
Regeneration of the liver after partial hepatectomy was speeded by TJN-101, orally at 10, 30 and 100 mg/kg/day for 4 days in rats. It is thought that TJN-101-caused liver enlargement is associated with endoplasmic reticulum proliferation [Article in Japanese]
Takeda 1986 |
|
|
Liver weight and several enzymes in liver-injured and normal rats were increased by Gomisin A (30 or 100 mg/kg/d, orally for 4 days). It also lowered triglycerides [Article in Japanese]
Takeda 1986 |
|
|
Induction of hepatic microsomal monooxygenases by schisanhenol in rats [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1985 |
|
|
Bile flow was restored in CCL4-liver damaged rats by Gomisin A Maeda 1985 |
|
|
Liver ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, epoxide hydrolase and GST activities increased in rats on a diet of 5% Schizandra chinensis. Diet of 25% Brussels sprouts also increased aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase Salbe 1985 |
|
|
CCL4 induced serum transaminase, fatty degeneration, cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in rats were reduced by wuweizisu C (200 mg/kg, i.p.) from Schizandra fruits. Galactosamine injury was also reduced [Article in Japanese]
Takeda 1985 |
|
|
Suppressive effect of wurenchun on the plaque forming cell (PFC) and specific rosette formation cell (SRFC) of mice [Article in Chinese]
Long 1984 |
|
|
Liver weights and epoxide hydrolase increased in animals fed Brussels sprouts or Illicium. Phenol II formation relative to total metabolites increased in the Schizandra and Illicium groups. Cytochrome P-450 trippled with Schizandra Hendrich 1983 |
|
|
Advances in research of the action of components isolated from Fructus schizandrae chinensis on animal livers [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1983 |
|
|
Metabolic fate of schizandrol A and its distribution in the rat brain determined by thin layer chromatography [Article in Chinese]
Niu 1983 |
|
|
IgE serum of rats was inhibited by aqueous extracts of Aurantii, Bupleuri, Schizandrae, Scutellariae, Zizyphi and Shohsaiko-to and Methanol extracts of Asiasari, Ginseng, Glycyrrhizae, Magnoliae and Trichosanthis S. [Article in Japanese]
Koda 1982 |
|
|
Pharmacological studies on schizandra fruits. II. Effects of constituents of shizandra fruits on drugs induced hepatic damage in rats [Article in Japanese]
Maeda 1982 |
|
|
Specific evidence that schizandrins induce a phenobarbital-like cytochrome P-450 form separated from rat liver.
Liu 1981 |
|
|
Induction of hepatocyte microsomal cytochrome P-450 by Schizandrin B in mice (author's transl) [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1980 |
|
|
A comparison of the protective actions of biphenyl dimethyl-dicarboxylate, trans-stilbene, alcoholic extracts of Fructus schizandrae and Ganoderma against experimental liver injury in mice (author's transl) [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1979 |
|
|
Protective action of schizandrin B on hepatic injury in mice.
Pao 1977 |
|
|
Studies on Fructus schizandrae. I. Its effect on increased SGPT levels in animals caused by hepatotoxic chemical agents [Article in Chinese]
Pao 1974 |
|
|
Effect of small doses of Schizandra chinensis on situation orienting conditioned reflexes in normal and irradiated animals [Article in Russian]
Voevodina 1965 |
|
|
Analytical Chemistry |
|
|
Rapid microbore liquid chromatographic analysis of biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate in human plasma (detection range of 5-200 ng/ml) Jeong 2000 |
|
|
Kadsumarin A (C18 dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan) was isolated from Kadsura matsudai and Schizandra arisanensis. Anti-HBeAg test showed activity at 40 micrograms/ml (90.1 microM) Kuo 1999 |
|
|
Nigranoic acid (3,4-secocycloarta-4(28),24-(Z)-diene-3,-26-dioic acid; an A ring-secocycloartene triterpenoid) from the stems of Schisandra sphaerandra, inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase Sun 1996 |
|
|
HPLC determination of gamma-schizandrin in Manganbao granules [Article in Chinese]
He 1995 |
|
|
Eleven schizandrin metabolites from rat bile Ikeya 1995 |
|
|
The main constituents of Fructus Schisandrae were schizandrol A and B; and those of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae were tanshinone and protocatechuic aldehyde [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1992 |
|
|
Synthesis of a schizandrin analogue from gallic acid which is purported to have anti-convulsion activity [Article in Chinese]
Chen 1991 |
|
|
Chicanine, a tetrahydrofuran lignan was found in "Wuweizi" (Schisandra incarnata). The plant lowers sGPT levels and prolongs sleeping time induced by phenobarbital [Article in Chinese]
Song 1991 |
|
|
Determination of the lignins in 10 species of Schisandra crude drugs by TLC-densitometry [Article in Chinese]
Wang 1991 |
|
|
Countercurrent chromatography/thermospray MS identification of bioactive lignans from a crude extract of Schisandra rubriflora, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treatment of hepatitis Lee 1990 |
|
|
Rapid TLC-densitometry of Wuweizisu A, B, C; Wuweizichun A, B; Wuweizi ester and schisanhenol) in kernels of Wuweizi (Schisandra chinensis) scanning at 260 and 350 nm Wang 1990 |
|
|
MS fragmentation patterns of 23 dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan compounds from Schisandra [Article in Chinese]
Zhai 1990 |
|
|
Biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) is poorly soluble in water and is improved by PEG 6000 [Article in Chinese]
Gu 1989 |
|
|
Lignans of fruits of Schisandra chinensis and S. sphenanthern determined by HPLC [Article in Chinese]
Tong 1989 |
|
|
Gomisin A (TJN-101) [+)-(6S, 7S, R-biar)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,12-tetramethoxy- 6,7-dimethyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-6-dibenzo [a, c] cyclooctenol) a lignan from Schisandra fruits [Article in Japanese]
Takeda 1988 |
|
|
Constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. XIII. Quantitative analysis of lignans in the fruits of Schizandra chinensis Baill. by high performance liquid chromatography [Article in Japanese]
Nakajima 1983 |
|
|
The occurrence of some important lignans in Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis) and its allied species [Article in Chinese]
Song 1983 |
|
|
High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of active ingredients of Schizandra [Article in Chinese]
Wang 1983 |
|
|
Total synthesis of (+/-)schizandrin C [5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1, 12-dimethoxy-2, 3, 10, 11-bismethylenedioxy-6, 7-cis-dimethyldibenzo (a, c) cyclooctene] and its analogs Xie 1983 |
|
|
Synthesis of Schizandrin C analogs (author's transl) [Article in Chinese]
Xie 1981 |
|
|
Synthesis of some derivatives of schizandrins (author's transl) [Article in Chinese]
Zhang 1981 |
|
|
The constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. I. Isolation and structure determination of five new lignans, gomisin A, B, C, F and G, and the absolute structure of schizandrin.
Ikeya 1979 |
|
|
The constituents of Schizandra chinensis Baill. II. The structure of a new lignan, gomisin D.
Ikeya 1979 |
|
|
Studies on constituents of medicinal plants. XXII. Constituents of Schizandra nigra Max.
Takani 1979 |
|
|
Studies of constituents of medicinal plants. XVII. Constituents of Schizandra nigra Max. and their carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
Takahashi 1976 |
|
|
SGPT levels in mice lowering by wuweizisu A, B or C and wuweizichun A or B. Ozonolysis and oxidation of wuweizisu A yields meso-3,4-dimethyladipic acid indicating C-6 and C-7 methyls must be cis Yan-yong 1976 |
|
|
Content of tonic substances in seeds of Schizandra chinensis Baill [Article in Russian]
Vigoriv 1974 |
|
|
A synthesis of 10,11-dihydro-2,3,7,8-tetramethoxy-10,5-(N-methyliminoethano)-5H,m12H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclooctene (Homoisopavine). (Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. CDLVI [Article in Japanese]
Kametani 1972 |
|
|
Determination and study of lignan distribution in the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill [Article in Russian]
Suprunov 1972 |
|
|
Schizandrin, ( |
|
|
6-O-benzoylgomisin O [dibenzocyclo-octadiene lignan], 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, protocatechuic acid and sorbic acid from fruits of Schizandra chinensis--Chen-C-C; Shen-C-C; Shih-Y-Z; Pan-T-M; J-Nat-Prod-Lloydia 57/8 (1164-1165) 1994
|
|
|
Syntheses of (+)-schizandrin, (+)-gomisin A, and (+)-isoschizandrin wih natural configurations--Tanaka-M; Mukaiyama-C; Mitsuhashi-H; Maruno-M; Wakamatsu-T; Journal-of-Organic-Chemistry. 60/14 (4339-4352) 1995
|
|
|
Schisandrin, schisantherin A, schisantherin B, schisanhenol, deoxyschisandrin and gamma-schisandrin and 9 other peaks seen with LC/MS--He-X; Lian-L; Lin-L.; Journal-of-Chromatography-A. 757/1-2 (81-87) 1997
|
|
|
Schizandrin (0.75-1.86%), gomisin A (0.13- 0.90%), deoxyschizandrin (0.07-1.09%), gomisin N (0.24-1.4%), and wuweizisu C (0.01-0.34%) were found in seeds of Schisandra chinensis by HPLC--Slanina-J; Taborska-E; Lojkova-L; Planta-Medica. 63/3 (277-280) 1997
|
|
|
Syntheses of (+)-schizandrin, (+)-gomisin A and (+)-isoschizandrin with natural configurations--Tanaka-M; Mukaiyama-C; Mitsuhashi-H; Maruno-M; Wakamatsu-T; Journal-of-Organic-Chemistry. 60/14 (4339-4352) 1995 |
|
|
Syntheses of wuweizisu C, gomisin J, gomisin N and gamma-schizandrin with natural configuration--Tanaka-M; Ohshima-T; Mitsuhashi-H; Maruno-M; Wakamatsu-T; Tetrahedron. 51/43 (11693-11702) 1995
|
|
|
Synthesis of ( |
|
|
Four new C-19 homolignans with a 5,4'-butano-2,4-cyclohexadienone-6-spiro-3'-(2',3'-dihydrobenzo[b]fura n) skeleton were isolated from Schizandra arisanensis--Kuo-Y-H; Kuo-L-MY; Chen-C-F; Journal-of-Organic-Chemistry. 62/10 (3242-3245) 1997
|
|
|
Synthesis of deoxyschizandrin and wuweizisu C with natural configuration--Tanaka-M; Mitsuhashi-H; Maruno-M; Wakamatsu-T; Tetrahedron-Lett. 35/22 (3733-3736) 1994
|
|
|
Thymoquinol 5-O- beta -D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O- beta -rutinoside and protocatechuic acid from fruit of Schisandra chinensis--Yahara-S; Sakamoto-C; Nohara-T; Niiho-Y; Nakajima-Y; Ito-H; Japan J Pharmacogn 47/4 (420-422) 1994
|
|
|
Total synthesis of gomisin A and schizandrin having natural configurations by a highly efficient intramolecular oxidative coupling--Tanaka-M; Mukaiyama-C; Mitsuhashi-H; Wakamatsu-T; Tetrahedron Lett. 33/29 (4165-4168) 1992
|
|
|
Molecular structure of schizandrin at ChemExper |
|
|
Research background of Jiri Slanina at Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University |
|
|
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lignans from Seeds and Leaves of Schizandra chinensis, at Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University |
|
|
Gomisin N crystal structure at International Union of Crystallography |
|
|
HP-TLC Identification of Schisandra Berries at VWR Chromatography |
|
|
Genetics & Molecular Biology |
|
|
82 rbcL sequences of the order Laurales indicate Trimeniaceae form a clade with Illiciaceae, Schisandraceae and Austrobaileyaceae, whereas Amborellaceae and Chloranthaceae represent isolated clades that cannot be placed Renner 1999 |
|
|
Increases in hepatic glutathione reductase and GST and decreases in G6PDH, Se-glutathione peroxidase and glutamylcysteine synthetase by schisandrin B at 1-4 mmol/kg for 3 days in mice. The beneficial effect became more evident after CCl4 challenge Ip 1995 |
|
|
Glutathione S-transferase placental-form associated with hepatocarcinogenesis was reduced by Gomisin A, a lignan from Schizandra fruits Miyamoto 1995 |
|
|
Leukotriene B4 and arachidonic acid release from stimulated macrophages were decreased, while the activity of 5-lipoxygenase was not affected, by Gomisin A (TJN-101) Ohkura 1990 |
|
|
Effect of gamma-schisandrin on metabolism of DNA, ATP and nucleoprotein of cancer cells [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1984 |
|
|
Pathological mitoses in the corneal epithelium induced by chronic cold stress (1.5-hour at 28-30 degrees C for 28 days) were reduced by Shizandra lignans. DNA synthesis and mitotic activity were also normalized [Article in Russian]
Mel'nik 1984 |
|
|
From the study of Fructus schizandrae to the discovery of biphenyl dimethyl-dicarboxylate [Article in Chinese]
Liu 1983 |
|
|
Benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation and mutation inhibition in microsomes by dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctene derivatives from Fructus Schizandrae chinensis Liu 1982 |
|
|
Liver activities of P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, benzphetamine and aminopyrene demethylase were increased by Schizandrin (Sin) B and C, Schizandrol (Sol) B and DDB Liu 1982 |
|
| HISTORY
OF RECORD |
RESEARCHED BY:
Soaring Bear, Ph. D. 1998 |
RESEARCH UPDATED BY:
Michael Tims, Ph. D. cand. 2001 |
|
 |
|
|
